《软件测试自动化之道》读书笔记 之 请求-响应测试

2016-12-06 

目录：

1

2

3

4

5

 

.NET框架提供了三种基本方法和两种底层方法用来发送HTTP请求和取回HTTP相应。下面从容易但不灵活，到不容易但灵活的循序，列出这5种方法（这篇文章只用到前三种）：

• WebClient：使用简单但不能发送认证信息。
• WebRequest-WebResponse：赋予你更大的灵活性，包括发送认证信息。
• HttpWebRequest-HttpWebResponse：更为复杂，但赋予你更多控制能力
• TCPClient：你可以使用的一个底层类，但不常用到
• Socket：非常底层，不长用到

WebClient、WebRequest-WebResponse、HttpWebRequest-HttpWebResponse命名空间：

using System.Net;

 

1 发送一个简单的HTTP GET请求并取回响应

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被测网站：

测试代码：

public static void SimpleHttpGet()        {            string uri = "http://localhost:82/WebForm.aspx";            WebClient wc = new WebClient();            Console.WriteLine("Sending an HTTP GET request to " + uri);            byte[] bsReponse = wc.DownloadData(uri);            string strResponse = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(bsReponse);            Console.WriteLine("HTTP response is: ");            Console.WriteLine(strResponse);                        Console.Read();        }

结果：

2 发送带有认证信息的HTTP请求并取回响应

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测试代码：

public static void HttpGetwithCredential()        {            string uri ="http://localhost:82/WebForm.aspx";            WebRequest wreq=WebRequest.Create(uri);            string uid="";            string pwd="";            string domain="";            //发送带有网络认证证书的请求            NetworkCredential nc=new NetworkCredential(uid,pwd,domain);            wreq.Credentials=nc;            Console.WriteLine("Sending authenticated request to "+uri);            WebResponse wres=wreq.GetResponse();            Stream st=wres.GetResponseStream();            StreamReader sr=new StreamReader(st);            string res=sr.ReadToEnd();            sr.Close();            st.Close();            Console.WriteLine("HTTP response is ");            Console.WriteLine(res);            Console.Read();        }

3 发送复杂的HTTP GET请求并取回响应

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测试代码：

public static void ComplexHttpGet()        {            string uri = "http://localhost:82/WebForm.aspx";            HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);            //HttpWebRequest的一些属性对轻量级自动化测试非常重要            req.Method = "GET";            req.MaximumAutomaticRedirections = 3;            req.Timeout = 5000;            Console.WriteLine("Sending HTTP request");            HttpWebResponse res = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();            Stream resst = res.GetResponseStream();            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(resst);                                    Console.WriteLine("HTTP response is ");            Console.WriteLine(sr.ReadToEnd());            sr.Close();            resst.Close();            Console.Read();        }

4 发送简单的HTTP Post请求给传统的ASP网页

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被测网站内容如下：

classic.html

         
     
      
            Enter color                    
        
          
     

classic.asp

         
You submitted: 
    <%        strColor=Request.Form("inputBox1")        Response.Write(strColor)    %>    
Bye

部署参考：

测试代码：

public static void SimpleHttpPostAsp()        {            string uri = "http://localhost:83/classic.asp";            string data = "inputBox1=orange";            byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);                        HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);            req.Method = "POST";            req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";            req.ContentLength = buffer.Length;            Stream reqst = req.GetRequestStream();            reqst.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); //把要发送的书写入数据流            reqst.Flush();            reqst.Close();            Console.WriteLine("\nPosting 'orange'");            HttpWebResponse res = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();            Stream resst = res.GetResponseStream();            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(resst);                        Console.WriteLine("HTTP response is ");            Console.WriteLine(sr.ReadToEnd());            sr.Close();            resst.Close();            Console.Read();        }

结果：

5 发送HTTP POST请求给ASP.ENT WEB应用程序

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测试代码：

public static void HttpPostAspx()        {            string uri = "http://localhost:82/WebForm.aspx";                        string data =                 "__VIEWSTATE=%2FwEPDwULLTEyNDE2MjMxNzNkZEwWGp029qxg0ycbgB3UBeugsJ04SyNbOLNpc95Kixqc"                +"&__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR=7F653548"                +"&__EVENTVALIDATION=%2FwEdAAZ0lKkwvK05W5mIs1ExVxxYFJ3tieLguAzMIB3WfVcaejp0qUSTozdispJAnlxpgx51PjL8QaLFsRLYz%2B7Kfg%2Ffzfg78Z8BXhXifTCAVkevdxEghZBVv0boc2NaC2%2FzVFTRPuZ4ec8CK4rSvp0TUuP1Tl0ENioJP5V4RaWiYgS2tg%3D%3D"                + "&DropDownList1=red&Button1=Send&TextBox1="; //当前被测示例除了DropDownList1=red需要根据实际情况变化外，其他的值都不变            byte[] buffer = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(data);            HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri);            req.Method = "POST";            req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";            req.ContentLength = buffer.Length;            Stream reqst = req.GetRequestStream();            reqst.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); //把要发送的书写入数据流            reqst.Flush();            reqst.Close();            Console.WriteLine("\nPosting 'orange'");            HttpWebResponse res = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponse();            Stream resst = res.GetResponseStream();            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(resst);            Console.WriteLine("HTTP response is ");            Console.WriteLine(sr.ReadToEnd());            sr.Close();            resst.Close();            Console.Read();        }

结果：

若发送的测试代码 data 中 DropDownList1=green，结果就会是TextBox1 value=“you picked green”。

若data内容中 __VIEWSTATE等内容不对，结果TextBox1不会返回value属性。